Impedance Matching Part 1. Why It’s Crucial for Maximum Power Transfer | Matched vs Mismatched Load.
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• Impedance Matching Part 1. Why It’s C...
Max Power Transfer Made Easy: The Impedance Transformer Guide.
Figure above shows a transmission line with characteristic impedance, Zo connected between a source impedance, ZS and a load impedance, ZL. For maximum power transfer to occur,
ZS = ZO
At the load end, the line is matched to the load when ZL = ZO
Under matched condition, (ZL = ZO) we have
maximum power transfer from the source to the load; all the energy from the line is absorbed by the load. There is no reflected signal.
TL is non-resonant or flat under matched condition. There is no standing wave.
The impedance anywhere along the transmission line equals to Zo.
Signal can propagate in both directions in a TL
signal propagating from source toward load is called incident wave Ei
signal propagating from load towards source is called reflected wave Er
incident and reflected waves occur combine to form standing waves
power generated by the source will be partially absorbed by the load. The rest is reflected to the source no maximum power transfer
extreme case of mismatched condition occurs when ZL is either open-circuit or short circuit. Total reflection occurs at the load. No power is absorbed by the load
for a mismatched line, the impedance is different at different points of the line; the impedance repeats at every half wavelength ()
presence of reflected signal (waves) in addition to incident signal (waves) or applied signal when there is mismatch; maximum power transfer not obtained.
Reflection of power from the load to the source may damage the source
Presence of high voltage standing wave may cause cable dielectric breakdown