Neisseria spp. Growth and Classification | Gram Negative Bacteria Microbiology
You are probably going to boost your knowledge about Facultative anaerobe, pathogenic gram-negative coccus- Neisseria spp.
Species of Neisseria include Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria and Neisseria meningitidis bacteria. Neisseria does not like to roam alone here and there, but it always hangs out in pairs called diplococci. So, in this video, I am going to make you familiar with this diplococcus, Neisseria.
▬ 🕘 Timestamps
00:00 - Neisseria spp. - Introduction
01:33 - Neisseria spp. - Virulence factors
03:22 - Neisseria spp. - Neisseria meningitidis
04:06 - Neisseria spp. - Meningococcal Disease
05:51 - Neisseria spp. - Diagnosis
08:09 - Neisseria spp. - Treatment
09:28 - Link to video lectures on sqadia.com
▬ 📌 Neisseria
The genus Neisseria is one of the genera included in the family Neisseriaceae. While the others are Branhamella, Moraxella, and Acinetobacter.
Two pathogenic species of Neisseria include:
🟡 Neisseria meningitidis, or Meningococcus
🟡 Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or gonococcus
▬ 📌 Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria meningitidis causes either meningitis or life-threatening sepsis called meningococcemia.
What makes it pathogenic, are Neisseria meningitidis virulence factors:
🟠 Polysaccharide capsule
🟠 Endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide, LPS
🟠 IgAI protease
🟠 Pili
🟠 And the ability to extract iron from human transferrin via a non-energy-requiring mechanism
Neisseria grows best on blood agar that has been heated. so that, the agar turns brown called chocolate agar. Now, this chocolate agar with antibiotics called the Thayer-Martin VCN, is the classic medium for culturing Neisseria. Where,
🔵 V stands for vancomycin- which kills gram-positive organisms.
🔵 C stands for colistin (polymyxin)- which kills all gram-negative organisms (except Neisseria).
🔵 N stands for nystatin- which eliminates fungi.
Only, Neisseria, (both Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) are able to grow on this culture medium. and the addition of a high concentration of carbon dioxide further promotes the growth of Neisseria.
Also, I will tell you about the Neisseria meningitidis pathogenesis, Fulminant meningococcemia, Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome, microbiological and lab diagnosis of N. Meningitidis, along with the treatment and prevention of meningococcal disease.
▬ 📌 Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae diplococci, again a Gram-negative diplococcus, is often called the gonococcus. Gonococcal disease can result in:
🟣 Gonorrhea is the second most common sexually transmitted disease.
🟣 Disseminated gonococcal infection or DGI
🟣 And ophthalmia neonatorum
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae virulence factors that we will discuss in the video are:
🟤 Pili
🟤 Outer membrane protein porins, PorA and PorB
🟤 Opa proteins
🟤 Endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide)
🟤 IgAl protease
Gonorrhea can be prevented by avoiding sexual contact with individuals at high risk and using effective barrier contraception.
It does not end here, but I will give you a complete clinical picture of Gonococcal disease. While taking you through the identification and confirmation techniques used for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae, I will discuss the antibiotics used to treat Gonococcal infection.
Lastly, we will have a short quiz to test your knowledge! So, Jump to the video then.
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