Introduction to the Respiratory System | Lung Volumes, Pressures and Capacities Physiology
An average person will breathe about 23,040 times in a 24-hour period. So, you can imagine, how important oxygen is for you!
This physiology video on the introduction of respiration will take you through different parts of the respiratory system, explaining to you every bit of anatomy, and physiology of all parts of the Respiratory tract.
So, let’s start with the physiology of respiration in humans.
▬ 🕘 Timestamps
00:00 - Lung Volumes, Pressures, and Capacities Physiology
00:46 - Lung Volumes Physiology
03:43 - Dead Space Physiology
06:19 - Lung Capacities Physiology
09:04 - Link to video lectures on sqadia.com
▬ 📌 Respiration
The respiratory and cardiovascular systems work closely together, to provide the body with oxygen, and to remove carbon dioxide.
Well, there are 4 distinct processes of respiration:
🟠 Pulmonary ventilation
🟠 External Respiration
🟠 Internal Respiration
🟠 Transport of Gases
You can find their details in the video.
Air enters through the nose, passes through the various structures of the air passageway, and reaches its final destination alveoli. This whole respiratory tract is divided into two parts:
🔵 Upper Respiratory Tract
🔵 Lower Respiratory Tract
▬ 📌 Upper Respiratory Tract
The upper Respiratory Tract consists of structures located outside the thoracic cavity. It includes the following:
🟢 Nasal Cavity
🟢 Pharynx- Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx.
🟢 Larynx
You can learn about the epithelial lining of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and the structure and functions of different parts of the pharynx, and larynx as well, including epiglottis, vocal cords, and vestibular folds in the video.
▬ 📌 Lower Respiratory Tract
Now, after passing through the nose, pharynx, and larynx, air then makes its way through the Lower Respiratory Tract, which contains the structures inside the thoracic cavity. They include:
⚫️ Trachea
⚫️ Bronchi – Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.
⚫️ Bronchioles
⚫️ Alveoli
▬ 📌 Lungs
Lungs are large, spongy, cone-shaped organs that fill the pleural cavity. They are enclosed within the thoracic cage, formed from the ribs, sternum, and vertebral column, with the dome-shaped diaphragm, separating the thorax from the abdomen.
The right lung is comparatively larger in size than the left lung.
🔴 Right Lung- Contains 3 lobes, and 2 fissures
🔴 Left Lung- Contains 2 lobes, and 1 fissure
You can learn more about the structure and function of lungs, including details on pleurae, and pulmonary ventilation in the video.
▬ 📌 Respiratory Muscles
Now, what muscles are involved in breathing?
There are 4 types of respiration muscles, that aid in the normal physiology of breathing, and at the time of forced breathing.
🟣 Diaphragm
🟣 External intercostal muscles
🟣 Internal intercostal muscles
🟣 Accessory muscles - Sternocleidomastoids, Scalenes, pectoralis minor, rectus abdominis, and external abdominal obliques.
So, Let’s dive deeper and have a closer look individually at the muscle of inspiration, and expiration.
▬ 📌 Lung Volumes and Capacities
Lung Volumes and capacities are necessary to diagnose, and decide the treatment for a patient suffering from a lung disease. Lung volumes include:
🟤 Tidal Volume
🟤 Inspiratory Reserve Volume
🟤 Expiratory Reserve Volume
🟤 Residual volume
While the Lung capacities include:
🔴 Vital Capacity (VC)
🔴 Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
🔴 Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
🔴 Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Do, remember that it was just a glimpse of the content of this video. For detailed knowledge you need to watch the video.
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